The Best Way I Could Describe It At Your Brain Essay

There is a main pathway that light follows to get to your brain. The best way I could describe it to you is by advising you to look at an image, all sensory information that enters through the inside half of your eye (so metaphorically speaking, picture your eye and then draw a diagonal line across your eye towards your nose) will cross over to the opposite half of each side of your brain through the optic chiasm, this makes sure that both halves of your brain are seeing the same image. All sensory information that is seen on the outside of your eye (or the area I told you to picture) will stay on that same side of the brain, without the use of crossing over. All sensory information will end up going through the thalamus, a sensory relay station (subway station) and then will be directed up to the occipital lobe because it houses the primary Visual Cortex in your brain. This area of your brain is what is concerned with vision. In this song, the singer is describing how their eyes are sensing sensory information and through the use of the Cornea, Iris, Pupil, Lens, Retina, Fovea, Rods, Cones, and the optic nerve, they are able to perceive the sensory information as the rain is leaving and the clouds are disappearing, thus causing them to see more clearly! They can only see more clearly because of the visual receptors, Rods and Cones, that lie in the retina! With the clouds disappearing the person’s cones will start to step in because the environment is starting to getShow MoreRelatedEidetic Memory Essay966 Words   |  4 Pagesthe past and the present. Whereas photographic memory is being able to remember an image and store it in the brain to remember at any given time. The best way to describe eidetic memory is using a camera as a metaphor. When a camera takes a picture, it is immediately stored in the memory card and its there until its deleted. Our brain works the same way, we will see something, and our brain will automatically take a snap-shot and will remember it. Akhter Ahsen was a theorist and a psychologist involvingRead MoreThere are two kinds of skepticism, local skepticism, which states that some areas of inquiry don’t600 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Brain in a Vat argument, which is very similar to the argument of the Evil Demon who controls us. In opposition to this is a philosopher by the name of Hilary Putnam, who uses language as proof for us not being brains in vats. I am going to explain to you why I think that Putnam is correct. â€Å"If you cannot be sure that you are not a brain in a vat, then you cannot rule out the possibility of all of your beliefs about the external world being false.† (Bruekner, 2004) I believe that the best argumentRead MoreThe God Delusion By Richard Dawkins1573 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many beliefs that are thought of around the world as fact. 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One of these systems is demanding the public to think and act in the best interest of itself. OfRead MorePsychology and Points Essay599 Words   |  3 PagesWhen you are finished, turn in your assignment for grading. Use complete sentences and answer each part of the assignment. 1. Write about a time when you have seen someone or some people do things that make no sense to you, or perhaps times when you have been frustrated and thought, That makes no sense at all! (5 points) There have been many times that I have seen people do things that make no sense, and thought â€Å"That makes no sense at all!† One time was when I was at a fast food restaurantRead MoreThe Identity Theory Of Mind With Dualism1259 Words   |  6 Pagesof things other than physical.†* To concisely describe physicalism in my words, it is the idea that we agree to everything being physical or in â€Å"flesh†. â€Å"In the philosophy of mind, dualism is the theory that the mental and the physical—or mind and body or mind and brain—are, in some sense, radically different kinds of thing.† Now to briefly describe dualism, it is the idea that emotions are entirely separate from our bodies; they are not a part of us. I believe both physicalism and dualism to be somewhatRead MoreSymptoms Of Depression By Fixing Chemical Differences Of Neurotransmitters1184 Words   |  5 Pagesfixing chemical differences of neurotransmitters in the brain. Every single kind of antidepressant has a result of these neurotransmitters in somewhat different ways. If depression is keeping you from doing the things you love, don’t wait to get help. Keep in my mind that it does not matter how bad your depression is, it is treatable. Most antidepressants are supposed to work by reducing the elimination of certain substances from the brain. These substances are called neurotransmitters (such asRead MoreThe Right Brain Approach: Psychology in Advertising1368 Words   |  6 Pagesinterested in advertising. I usually pay close attention to commercials when they come on the television or the radio. I like pointing out what I do and dont like about the commercials, and whether or not I believe that they will be successful in enhancing the sales of the product or service they are advertising. I dont know much about what goes into advertising. I simply like giving my opinions. Advertising is even something I may consider getting into after college. Because of that, I wanted to find aRead MoreLeadership Style and Personality Assessment1290 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership Style and Personality Assessment Anioushka G-Saint Cyril HA510 Professor Yu-Wei Yang August 4, 2015 There are many leadership styles and is important to know which style you are. There are many ways one can learn their leadership style, for example, through assessments. Knowing your leadership style will help you become a better leader. Although there are many leadership assessments our text discussed four assessments that can give insights into building blocks of personality most commonlyRead MoreStages of Sleep, Language Acquisition and Development Essay1539 Words   |  7 PagesA. Describe the stages of sleep. Identify the major sleep disorders. Using an electroencephalogram, researchers noted four distinct stages of NREM sleep and one stage of REM sleep. As we sleep, we cycle through these stages like a circuit at the gym; spending more time on some machines and less time on others. We spend as much as ninety minutes in NREM stages and as little as ten minutes in REM per circuit. The stages of NREM sleep can be identified by their characteristic wavelengths, based

Pros and Cons of Outsourcing Free Essays

Pros and Cons of Outsourcing ShaQuanvia Jones Potomac College Pros and Cons of Outsourcing What do you do when you need a job done that someone else specializes in? Well, of course you would hire that person to do the job. For instance, when you have a company, there are many parts to the company and each part has a different specialization. So they hire people that can do that job. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Outsourcing or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is the same way with larger companies. They hire manufacturers and smaller companies that specialize in a certain job to do it for them. This is all called outsourcing. Even though it sounds like myriads of advantages, it also has some disadvantages also. What is outsourcing? Outsourcing is obtaining goods and services from an outside supplier. It is like a contract with someone or a company to do a particular job that they specialize in. A car factory would hire companies that make the different parts of the car. Since the company already has the supplies and machinery for the parts it would be cheaper. In this case, the company that is helping the car factory would be called a service provider. It is providing a service that it specializes in to a larger company. These service providers are also called third-party providers. This name is given because it is the provider behind the main provider. Outsourcing is done in many companies like insurance companies, grocery stores, and many of the big businesses. Pros of Outsourcing With outsourcing comes many pros, or advantages. Outsourcing is very popular in our country and internationally. It helps businesses focus on their priorities or their main functions instead of secondary tasks. For example, if a company was good in handling finances, it would be hired to handle only the finances. Outsourcing also reduces expenses by finding certain industries purposes in areas where important costs are cheaper. If you noticed, many of our clothes or shoes are made in China. This is an example of outsourcing but it is a certain type called offshoring. Offshoring is when companies are outsourcing to foreign countries. America does offshoring because it is cheaper to get goods from China. If outsourcing was not a dependent, a company would not have to worry about trying to communicate with another to get goods and services. By not doing outsourcing, a company will also know what is going on with its product and be aware of any incidents. Cons of Outsourcing Although there are many advantages to outsourcing, there are some disadvantages, or cons. Many of the disadvantages would come from communication. When a company is receiving or purchasing goods from another country, they have to have a way to understand their language. With the diverse languages, it would be very hard; therefore offshoring can cause language barrier concerns. Another issue with offshoring would be the different time zones. The products would have to be ordered at the right time because getting products internationally are hard to do. The products have to be in before a certain time. Although outsourcing makes it cheaper for goods, this may also cause many Americans to lose jobs. If outsourcing was not depended on, a company would have to do all the work by their self which would cost more and take longer. As you can see, outsourcing is a very important and useful thing when it comes to goods and services. It has some downfalls, but staying focused and planning ahead of time would be a very effective plan when hiring specialists or handling business overseas. Outsourcing only helps specialize in certain functions so that companies will not have to come out of pocket for extra expenses. Labor is also cheaper when it comes to outsourcing. How to cite Pros and Cons of Outsourcing, Papers

Marketing Orientation Essay Example

Marketing Orientation Paper This assignment is to show what is meant by marketing orientation. I will also give examples of marketing oriented companies. According to Wikipedia.org marketing oriented firm (marketing orientation) is one that allows the needs and wants of customers and possible customers to push all the firms long-term crucial decisions. The firms corporate culture is systematically committed to creating customer value. Marketing orientation is one of different types of business orientations. It is superior to other forms of business thinking. To understand why marketing orientation is to be the best way of business approach, it is crucial to know how lower levels of business orientations have developed since the 19th century. (Lancaster and Reynolds 1995) Production orientation In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the primary purpose of all business and industrial activity was thought to be production. Firms concentrated on improving production efficiency in an attempt to bring down the costs. Generally, companies produced whatever they could produce well, expecting effective demand for their goods and services to present itself automatically. An understanding of customers requirements was of secondary importance. (Lancaster and Reynolds 1995) We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Orientation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Orientation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Orientation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The economic recession in the 1920s and 1930s brought business to the point where warehouses were full of unsold goods. Thousands of bankrupt businesses occurred. That made business people to concentrate their minds on finding out how to improve their sales volume. (Wikipedia.org 2001) Sales orientation Gradually business people understood and appreciated that in order to make profit it was something more than just to produce goods. The goods also had to be sold. The sales concept stated that effective demand had to be created through the art of persuasion using sales techniques. The sales department was thought to hold the key to the firms prosperity and survival. Scant attention was paid to the genuine needs and requirements of the final consumer, but at least it was understood that goods and services did not necessarily sell themselves. (Lancaster and Reynolds 1995) Marketing oriented The concept of marketing orientation was developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s at Harvard University. It replaced the previous sales orientation that was prevalent between the mid 1950s and the early 1970s (Wikipedia.org 2001) The marketing concept holds that achieving organizational goals depends on determining the needs and wants of target markets (customers) and delivering the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors do. (Kotler et al. 2005) Peter Drucker stated: Because the purpose of business is to create and keep customers, it has only two central functions- marketing and innovation. The basic function of marketing is to attract and retain customers at a profit (Jobber 2004) It is true because firm which does not keep developing its products and services is likely to start loosing customers (and profit as well) for its competitors or even struggle to keep its position on that particular market place. How customers needs and wants can be recognized? Marketing uses its tools to achieve that. Firstly, the market needs researching to acquire information with helping management team to make best decisions on (marketing mix): which product to make or modify; what type of communication with customers to choose in order to give them the most clarified view on the product (promotion, exhibition, advertising, personal selling, sponsorship); price research to better establish the price of product or service in the market place; corporate plan to better allocate duties and responsibilities through single company units; distribution research to effectively monitor different types of distribution channels and detect any regional variation; Secondly, from the total market of product or service is being broken into distinct subgroups or segments. Each segment may conceivably represent a distinct target market to be reached with a distinct marketing mix (Product, Price, Promotion, Place). (Lancaster and Reynolds 1995) How does marketing communication build and maintain strong brand? The challenge for a lot of companies nowadays is to adapt their traditional functions and operations to the new world. They have to integrate marketing. Today, it is important to build a relationship with the customers. This is the key to finding, developing and having loyal customers, so marketing communication has got an important role. Global organisations have to organize around customers and prospects. They do not only have to organize their operations and activities around products and services. Customers have more influence than ever before. They have access to more products, channels to buy and they have more sources of information. Companies have to communicate about their products or services because of the competition. Brands have to be unique and be different to the others to maintain a competitive advantage over the increasing competition. It is important to inform people about the new products, the change of them, the politics of the company. Examples of successful marketing oriented firms and products Nokia is winning the phone war. The company started its business near Nokia River in Finland in 1865 as a timber business. It was for decades a solid, industrial company, selling even until the 1970s products ranging from toilet paper to rubber boots. It bought into the telephones business some 30 years ago to gain a slice of the promising technology markets, and follow the then fashionable trend for diversification. A decade later, after Ericsson installed a cellular network, Nokia, as an expert in radio telephones, stepped in to provide handsets. And when the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s deprived Nokias traditional operations of important customers, the firm looked to its promising mobile phone unit for redemption. The strategy worked. In 1998, Nokia overtook Motorola to become the worlds biggest manufacturer of mobile phones and could be reasonably described as the Abba of Finland, accounting for one fifth of the countrys exports. (BBC.co.uk 2001) What made Nokia to had its 35% market share in 2001 is that they develop and manufacture their phones with user friendly simplicity, keeping the design on the top trendy fashions. For its awards winning products all over the business world is also responsible great knowledge how to use the marketing tools. These are Pull versus Push Strategies- by increasing its brand loyalty in past few years, Nokia has become more of a pull brand. Customers have started going to Nokia showrooms and asking for latest handsets. Nokias communication strategy is planned as the sole activity of media-mix, structured by offline, online and below the line programs. Nokias marketing plan is mainly based on two essential elements: the rank of products and the needs of customers, belonging to the same category. (Nitin Kochhar, 2006) In summary Nokia with its management decisions is now successfully providing market with third generation mobile phones, not forgetting to intensively develop and implement new technologies. That makes firm to keep their customers satisfied at all times. Unilever was arguably the worlds first packaged goods manufacturer, and is still one of its biggest companies. Meeting the everyday needs of people everywhere is how the group describes itself. It is the world number 1 in personal wash, prestige fragrances and deodorants, with brands including Dove, Omo and Axe/Lynx. Following a series of high-profile acquisitions, including US-based Bestfoods, Unilevers foods business is the worlds third largest after Nestle and Kraft. It is a global leader in culinary foods, ice cream, margarine and tea-based beverages. Brands include Knorr, Lipton and Magnum. Vitality is at the heart of Unilever. Our mission is to meet everyday needs for nutrition, home hygiene and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get more out of life. And every day, around the world, 150 million people in over 150 countries choose our products for the vitality benefits they bring. (www.unilever.co.uk 2006) Dove is one of the fastest-growing products on the market. Silvia Lagnado, group vice-president at London-based Unilever: Unilever is a strongly marketing-oriented company. When I ran the Dove brand for Unilever, we developed a vision that had to do with helping women feel beautiful. Core to our vision was widening the definition of feminine beauty and challenging stereotypes about what beauty looks like. We wanted to position the Dove brand as a way to help women feel greater self-esteem and appreciate the diversity of beauty. We spent a lot of time and effort on research and on talking with sociologists about girls and womens body image. (www.marketingprofs.com 2006) Packard Bell For over a decade Packard Bell has been striving to bring the advantages of technology to life for its millions of customers worldwide. Packard Bell pioneered the use of the PC in the home, taking an unfriendly but useful office tool and turning it into a friendly, indispensable feature of todays modern home. Today it is bringing its experience to bear on the home electronics market, and setting precedents in the process. Today Packard Bell is number three in the European PC consumer market (all form factors) and in the top three in the regions main markets, including the UK, France, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands and Belgium. Packard Bells business model is built on optimising each step of the value chain. Its closeness to the market space enables it to anticipate customer needs, design appealing products, manage complexity and integrate services and products. Its supply chain and manufacturing base means Packard Bells can bring the right products to market quickly at the right price. The success of the Packard Bell brand has always depended on their ability to stay in tune and in touch with their customers, its unique relationship with Europes leading retailers makes it possible for customers to buy a trusted brand conveniently from a store they trust. (www.packardbell.com 2006) Example of unsuccessful marketing oriented company British Gas has around 11m gas customers and 6m electricity customers and is the largest domestic energy supplier in the UK. The Academy of Customer Excellence was created in 2004 to bring together each of our site based customer service training teams into one. Customer service is a key differentiator within the competitive market place that we are a part of and this new academy is helping us to perform in this environment by supporting our drive to put the customer at the heart of everything we do. ( www.britishgasnews.co.uk 2006) British Gas generates more complaints from householders than all the other domestic suppliers put together, according to new figures. Energywatch received more than 15,400 complaints about British Gas in the six months to September! That figure has more than doubled compared to the same time last year, the gas and electricity watchdog said. By contrast, energywatch received fewer customer complaints about the five other major domestic energy suppliers over the same period. Inaccurate billing is the biggest problem for British Gas customers, energywatch said. A lack of response to customer enquiries was another source of complaints from British Gas customers. Energywatch has contacted the energy regulator Ofgem outlining its concerns about British Gas. (www.thisislondon.co.uk 2006) Some opinions people say about British Gas customer service that it has rude staff- very unhelpful, unreliable, give false information as do not really know what to say, untrained, do not communicate with each other. It is lower than incompetent, it is dishonest and does not care one bit about its customers. In conclusion, no company that treats its customers this badly should be in business. Even my family and I have a bad experience with this firm. Once we moved to our new house and rang them up for arranging delivery of gas meter card (top-up card) they left us without any answer for four weeks. After four weeks waiting for delivery I rang them up once again to ask when was my card sent and they did not know what I was talking about! Same day I switched my energy supplier to one of their competing company. Conclusion Todays world of business is very differentiated by the meaning of its markets and customers. Nevertheless, every consumer expects highest quality products and services, designed and delivered every time it is demanded by him. If there is company not realizing this simple need, because non-marketing orientation, there will be dozens more other firms instantly competing to cover its place on the market. Future of innovation and well-being of companies is in hands of their exacting customers.

Building an Insights Engine Essays - Economy, Business, Big Data

Building an Insights Engine Essays - Economy, Business, Big Data Building an Insights Engine In this article, it introduces the characteristics of the most successful company and what makes them win other competitors. The company not only need to have leaner manufacturing, made higher-quality products, or had superior distribution, but also they need to truly and deeply understand their customers' needs and fulfilling them better than their competitors with the support of useful marketing data. The idea of "Insights Engine" is the ability that it turns a huge amount of data which have little value in and of itself into useful insights about consumers' motivations and transform them into organizational strategy and hence it can significantly become a competitive advantages of the organization and separates the winners from the losers. The "Insights Engine" can be a set of structures, people, and processes that make the transformation successful. Thanks to the i2020 research and the experience at Unilever, the article summarizes and describe 10 characteristics of supe rior insights engines that help high-performing organizations to achieve the aim of customer centricity. And it can be further divide into two different main groups which is operational characteristics, like functional independence and experimental orientation, and people characteristics, like business acumen and well-balanced analytic and creative thinking styles. For operational characteristics, it included seven major characteristics that influence the operations of insights engines and it is important for a superior insights and analytics group.The first characteristics is data synthesis. The advantages of larger company against the small one is because they can have the capability to do a larger scale of market research so that it can generate many data as well as finding out the important information from it so as to link up the disparate data sources. It is very common for high-performing organizations across the industries to use the data in this way. The author used the examples of i2020 research and the CMI of Unilever to further support the mentioned points that synthesizing data is one of the major factors. The second characteristics is independence which means it need to have independent from other functions and outside marketing and it is required to report frequently to the CEO, the chief strategy officer, or the chief exper ience officer. For instance, according to the i2020 research, the insights leaders in over-performing organizations report to upper management levels more than two times as often as their counterparts in underperforming organizations do. The author further strengthens the argument by using the example of Unilever as the world's second-largest media spender which will do the same practice as the i2020 research found out and it shows the similar result again. The integrated planning which is integrally involved in business planning. The business- and brand-planning cycle is the key driving force behind strategy development and execution and it is critical for the company to win the market competition. The arrangement of resources and budgets and also the company overall performance is important and need to be monitored in order to achieve the company goals. Moreover, the experimentation is also a key point and it is about the willingness to experiment with new technologies and program s as the i2020 research shows that over-performing companies which have a culture of experimentation are three times better than the underperformers. Also, the forward-looking orientation means future oriented. It is the ability of company to predict the future and better prepare for the situation in the future. The last one is the affinity for action which is the company is active in strategic decision making and it make them focus on the insights functions on strategy but not only on data. For people characteristics, there are three primary traits for people who are part of the insights engine The first trait is whole-brain mindset and we need to think creatively as well as analytically because in the past employees of insights organizations focused on analytics which is focus on left-brain orientation. But now we should adopt whole-brain mindset and start to think holistically, exercising creative and use the right-brain skills as well. Thus, it is important for high-performing organizations to have left-brain and right-brain tasks and approaches as the research revealed that over-performers are more likely to use whole-brain mindset. The second trait is business

28 Super Simple Things You Can Do to Be Happier [Infographic]

28 Super Simple Things You Can Do to Be Happier [Infographic] Sometimes in our daily life, small annoyances and irritations can build up and begin to affect your day to day mood, health and general well-being. It is so easy to get content with our day to day life, but there are always things we can do to improve our well-being and happiness. This infographic by MyBreast outlines 28 simple things you can do every day to improve your happiness, from things as simple as sending an email to an old friend to celebrate small success with people you care about. You could even turn this into a 28 days challenge to improve your life. By the end of 28 days, you should look back and see how much impact small positive things can have over your well-being and happiness. [Source: Mybreast]

Law of express trust Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law of express trust - Case Study Example It may be either a person or a legal entity; iv) Beneficiary, i.e. the person for whose benefit the trust was created. v) Purpose of the trust, i.e. the trust must have a purpose, which is legally valid. Express Trusts are further broadly classified into i) Living Trust: It is also known as inter vivos trust is made for the advantage of another during the lifetime of settlor. ii) Testamentary trusts: These are created by the will of the settlor. That means, the settlor's property will be converted into trust property only after his death. iii) Revocable Trusts: It is a trust where the setlor has full control over the trust property, and he can change or annul the trust at any time. This is a trust, which is at the whims and fancy of the settlor. iv) Irrevocable Trusts: As the name implies, this is a trust, which cannot be revocable except the consent of the beneficiaries, and trustees. Moreover, the trust does not fizzle out once the purpose of the trust is fulfilled. v) Fixed Trusts: These are those trusts where the trust property will be shared by the beneficiaries as per the calendar fixed by the settlor. In distributing the property, the trustee has no discretion to play. Gartsi de v IRC [1968] AC 553 the Inland Revenue argued that as each beneficiary might be entitled to income from the trust fund, they should each be charged as if they were entitled to the whole of the fund. vi) Discretionary Trusts: They are those trusts where the trustee has absolute power in management, administration and distribution and allocating the shares of the trust property to beneficiaries. This trust offers many tax benefits to the beneficiaries, as no interest is created to them until the property is distributed. Rights of beneficiaries: Under a discretioanry trust, the rights of individual beneficiaries are not clear. In Re Smith [1928] Ch 915 it was held that the trustees had to draw up a "complete list" of beneficiaries, but this principle is changed in McPhail v Doulton [1971] A.C. 424, 451, in case of family trust. Court's Jurisdiction: Schmidt v Rosewood Trust Ltd [2003] UKPC 26, [2003] 3 All ER 76: In this case the court held that 1) The court has inherent jurisdiction to supervise and even intervene in the administration of a trust if necessary. And there is no exception even in discretionary trust. 2) This inherent jurisdiction is the fundamental of law of trust. 3) The right to seek the court's intervention did not depend on entitlement to a fixed and transmissible interest. 3) The court has the discretion to intervene to maintain the balance between the competing interest of beneficiaries, the trustees and the third parties. Gartside v IRC [1968] 1 All ER 121 at 134.Re Manisty's Settlement [1973] 2 All ER 1203 at 1211-1212, Mettoy Pension Trustees Ltd v Evans [1991] 2 All ER 513 at 549. Questions: 1. Transactions made by the trustees in the course of management of trust property: The trustees made the following three transactions: 1. Sale Vintage care for 15,000 during the last year to Crowther's son, 2. Payment of legal management fee of 25,000 to the solicitors firm in which the trustees are partners. 3. Decided to invest from existing deposits in to a) partly

Intercultural Communication Stumbling Blocks by LaRay Barna Article

Intercultural Communication Stumbling Blocks by LaRay Barna - Article Example On the other hand, I do not agree with Barna’s argument that high anxiety should act as a communication stumbling block since I believe that it promotes interaction in different people in order for people to overcome high anxiety, which makes them learn other languages. It is evident that Barna’s article expounds on a challenge that every individual has faced in their life. In this case, it is evident that we have all experienced intercultural communication barriers at one point of our life by interacting with people who were different from us in our daily activities. While supporting his arguments, Barna uses real-life experiences to highlight the challenges that intercultural communication posted on the interaction of people in a society that is increasingly becoming both multicultural and multiracial. In an approach that highlights different perceptions of people on other cultures, Barna starts by highlighting the problem of intercultural communication in the United States by carrying out a review of the perceptions of students from other cultures on the American cultural way of communicating. In this regard, Barna identifies reservations present in people from different backgrounds regarding the way they perceived a different culture’s approach to communication. Case in point, Americans smile all the time when communicating, even to total strangers while a foreigner plays along with the American and smiles while nodding, which to the American is indicative of effective communication although the foreigner confirms their stereotypes regarding Americans’ insensitivity and ethnocentrism (Barna 68). Misunderstandings and misconceptions during communication may have disastrous effects with people resulting to hate each other since they cannot understand the point the other was passing. In line with this, it is common knowledge that effective communication is an essential way that people understood others, which means that its ineffect iveness posed a challenge. In the course of my life, I have experienced challenges that are related to intercultural communication.